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      組織機構(gòu)

      魅力一中 輝煌卓著

      當前位置:首頁 / 組織機構(gòu) / 教研室/英語中考復(fù)習(xí)資料系列(語法一)
      教研室

      英語中考復(fù)習(xí)資料系列(語法一)

      發(fā)布時間:2020-04-15 04:16:47瀏覽次數(shù):13395

      一 名詞

      (一)正誤辨析

      [誤]Please give me a paper.

      [正]Please give me a piece of paper.

      [析]不要認為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞,這種原因是對英語中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了,所以造成了這樣的錯誤,因paper在英語中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類,是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達數(shù)量時,要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來表達,如:two pieces of paper.

      [誤]Please give me two letter papers.

      [正]Please give me two pieces of letter paper.

      [析]paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞,而作為報紙、考卷、文章講時則是可數(shù)名詞,如:Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.

      [誤]My glasses is broken.

      [正]My glasses are broken.

      [誤]I want to buy two shoes.

      [正]I want to buy two pairs of shoes.

      [析]英語中g(shù)lasses—眼鏡,shoes—鞋,trousers—褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時的謂語動詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如:This pair of glasses is very good.

      [誤]May I borrow two radioes?

      [正]May I borrow two radios?

      [析]以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但如果o前面是一個元音字母或外來語時則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.

      [誤]This is a Mary's dictionary.

      [正]This is Mary's dictionary.

      [析]如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which, 或所有格時,則不要再加冠詞。

      [誤]There are much people in the garden.

      [正]There are many people in the garden.

      [析]可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of 來修飾,而people是可數(shù)名詞,而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:The people are planting trees here.

      [誤]I want a few water.

      [正]I want a little water.

      [析]不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some來修飾,但不可用many,few來修飾。

      [誤]Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.

      [正]Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.

      [誤]Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.

      [正]Tom's and Mary's families are waiting for us.

      [誤]I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.

      [正]I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.

      [析]集合名詞如果指某個集合的整體,則應(yīng)視為單數(shù),如指某個集合體中的個體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom's family were watching TV. 即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有:family class, team等。

      [誤]Don't eat too much meats.

      [正]Don't eat too much meat.

      [誤]Food in that restaurant is very good.

      [正]The food in that restaurant is very good.

      [析]物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,在使用中不可以加s,即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時可以加定冠詞。如:I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.

      [誤]Please give me two waters.

      [正]Please give me two glasses of water.

      [正]Please give me two coffees.

      [析]物質(zhì)名詞如要加計量時,一定要加量詞,?如:two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,

       a piece of bread,a box of sugar,

      a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,

      a bag of earth

      ?例:I'll tell you a piece of good news.

      但只有coffee可以用coffees來取代many cups of coffee.

      [誤]Can you give me the newspaper of today?

      [正]Can you give me today's newspaper?

      [析]加's構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如:Mary's hair,但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對時間、距離等名詞的所有格多用's來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如:a five minutes' walk.

      [誤]Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.

      [正]Please make room for the lady in the school bus.

      [析]英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的,

      如: room為可數(shù)名詞時為“房間”,如:I live in Room 5.而room為抽象名詞時為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請給老婦人在校車上留個地方。”這樣的詞還有:glass 玻璃glasses 眼鏡stone 石頭a stone 一塊石頭time 時間two times 兩次wood 木頭woods 樹林

      [誤]There is a flowers garden behind my house.

      [正]There is a flower garden behind my house.

      [析]名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外,還可以用來修飾另一個名詞,這時作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式,如:shoe factory (鞋廠),post office(郵局),evening paper (晚報),night school (夜校),head master (校長),a law school (法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外,如:a goods train(貨車),sports meeting (運動會)。

      [誤]My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.

      [正]My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.

      [析]英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形,如:fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中國人), means (方法)。所以應(yīng)講one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果講There are five fishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。

      [誤]Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.

      [正]Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.

      [析]英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: thanks, greens, 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes 為衣服,而cloth則是布, sand沙子,而sands是沙灘。

      [誤]I offered my son my congratulation on his success.

      [正]I offered my son my congratulations on his success.

      [析]英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式,但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands.

      [誤]We have five German in this meeting.

      [正]We have five Germans in this meeting.

      [析]英國人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen,而German 則要加s,因為它不是由國名與man的組合詞。

      [誤]There are two As in this word.

      [正]There are two A's in this word.

      [析]在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達法中應(yīng)加s,但如字母是A、I時,為了防止與As和Is相混,則要用's即A's,I's

      [誤]There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.

      [正]There are three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.

      [析]在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達法中要用's

      [誤]We have many woman teachers in our school.

      [正]We have many women teachers in our school.

      [析]一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如:?

      half brother—half brothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughter in law—daughtersin law,(兒媳)但要注意的是:man driver—men drivers(男司機) woman doctor—women doctors(女大夫)grown up—grown ups(成年人) 但是boy student—則變?yōu)閎oy students

      [誤]Physics are very difficult to learn.

      [正]Physics is very difficult to learn.

      [析]雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有:科學(xué),學(xué)科名字:Physics. Mathematics politics游戲名稱:bowls 專有名稱:Niagara Falls(尼亞加拉瀑布)  其他名詞:news(消息,新聞)

      [誤]There is a people in the room.

      [正]There is a person in the room.

      [正]There is a man in the room.

      [析]people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不可用作單數(shù),如要用來講一個人時應(yīng)用a person, a man, a woman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個警察時則要用a policeman, a policewoman。

      [誤]Where is my shoe?

      [正]Where are my shoes?

      [析]常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers, pants, shorts(短褲),socks(襪子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個則要指明,這時還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:Where's my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)

      [誤]I paid five pennies for the sweet.

      [正]I paid five pence for the sweet.

      [析]英語中便士有兩個復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來表達一定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指一個個的硬幣,如:I want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個的硬幣)。

      [誤]There are many fruit in the shop.

      [正]There are many fruits in the shop.

      [析]物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,但是用來表示種類時則可以用作可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。?

      [誤]There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's.

      [正]There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.

      [析]有生命名詞的所有格,如果是單數(shù)名詞則加's如:Mary's car.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加’如:teachers' offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾,則只加’s,如:children's palace 組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個詞尾加's如:girl friend —girl friend's someone else—someone else's a week or three—a week or three's如名詞后有同位語時,則應(yīng)加在同位語的詞尾上,如:It is my girl friend, Mary's car.要注意的是當兩個名詞并列時,如表示歸兩人共同所有,則在最后一個名詞后面加's,如果表示分別所有則在兩個名詞后分別加's,如:This is Mary and Jone's home.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而These are Mary's and Jone's homes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone 的家。

      [誤]It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.

      [正]It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work.

      [析]無生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下無生命的名詞:表示時間的詞:today's newspaper, a twenty minutes' walk, an hour's, rest 表示長度的詞:three metres' distance, a boat's length, twenty miles' journey 表示重量的名詞:two pounds' weight價格名詞:two dollars'worth擬人化的名詞:Nature's work, nature's  lesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國家、機關(guān)、團體、城市等機構(gòu)性名詞:the university's library

       

      [誤]He is an old friend of my father.

      [正]He is an old friend of my father's.

      [析]這是英語中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語法去推理。如:This pen is Tom's.

      [誤]My father is a good cooker.

      [正]My father is a good cook.

      [析]一般動詞加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動作的執(zhí)行者,如:teach(教)—teacher(老師),think(想)—thinker(思想家),drive(開車)—driver(司機),sell(賣)—seller(賣物者)……但不能總是以此類推,比如cook是動詞“做飯”。而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講,而cooker則為廚具,餐具,即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。

      [誤]The young is dancing there.

      [正]The young are dancing there.

      [析]英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如:the rich 富人,the poor(窮人),the wise 聰明人,但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來表示事物則要用作單數(shù)名詞,如:The beautiful is still here.美麗的風景依舊。

      [誤]The stories of the book was written many years ago.

      [正]The stories of the book were written many years ago.

      [析]這句話的真正主語應(yīng)是stories,所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。

      [誤]This is one of the English?Chinese dictionary.

      [正]This is one of the English?Chinese dictionaries.

      [析]one of意為“……之一”,of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      [誤]Let's go to uncle Wang for supper.

      [正]Let's go to uncle Wang's for supper.

      [析]uncle Wang's 意為“王叔叔家”,doctor's意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。

      [誤]I think we will make a friend with each other.

      [正]I think we will make friends with each other.

      [析]make friends 為習(xí)慣用法,即交朋友。

      [誤]I want to tell you much pieces of good news.

      [正]I want to tell you many pieces of good news.

      [析]news為不可數(shù)名詞,但加了量詞之后則要用many來修飾量詞,因量詞是可數(shù)名詞,或可以說I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可數(shù)名詞前,也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞,如:I want to tell you some pieces of good news.

      [誤]The teacher with five students are coming here.

      [正]The teacher with five students is coming here.

      [析]要注意由with引出的介詞短語不是本句的主語,這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別,如:The teacher and five students are coming here. 這里由介詞引出的短語僅僅是teacher的修飾語。

      [誤]There are a lot of information here, but we don't need them.

      [正]There is a lot of information here, but we don't need it.

      [析]information為不可數(shù)名詞,而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.

      [誤]Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.

      [正]Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.

      [析]many a 加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),作主語時其謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,但其意為許多學(xué)生。

      [誤]The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.

      [正]The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.

      [析]英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞:cloth是物質(zhì)名詞,意為“布”,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,而clothing是指衣物的總稱,也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服,但沒有單數(shù)形式,如:This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝,如:a school dress 校服,an evening dress晚禮服。

      [誤]I like to study the English.

      [正]I like to study English.

      [析]作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞,而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞,如:I like to study history. I like to study the history of America.

      [誤]The Browns is going to visit China.

      [正]The Browns are going to visit China.

      [析]定冠詞加姓加s,則意為“Brown先生一家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。此句應(yīng)譯為:Brown先生一家將要訪問中國。

       

      (二)例題解析

      1. Lucy and Lily___in the same class.

      A.     am  B. is  C. are  D. be

      [答案]C.

      [析]由and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來搭配謂語動詞。

      2. Which is the ___to the bus stop, please?

      A  road B  way C street D address

      [答案]B.

      [析]這是考察同意詞辨析,road是指較寬闊的大道,意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”,而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高,可視為街道之意,而way則多為要到達某地所要經(jīng)過的途徑,還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為“地址”。如:There is a car running along the country road. ?I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum?

      3. Hurry up!There is___ time left.

      A little  B  a little  C  few  D  a few

        [答案]A.

      [析]因time作為時間講為不可數(shù)名詞,所以不可用few,a few來修飾。另外,英文的表達法與中文不同,中文講,快點,時間不多了,而英文要講,快點,沒時間了。因此,要用little而不用a little.

      4. How many ___can you see in the picture?

      A tomatos   B tomatoes  C   tomato  D the tomato

        [答案]B.

      [析]用How many提問時,其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es.

        5. —?。撸撸遡s the meat. Please?

      — Ten yuan a kilo.

      A  How much  B How many  C How old   D How long

        [答案]A.

      [析]由對話的答語可看出其問句問的是價格。錢數(shù)作為整體、價格講時,不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞,要用how much 提問。

        6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is___.

      A  James Allen  B  Allen Green  C  James Green  D  Mr. Green

      ?[答案]A.

      [析]英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文則是姓在最后,其第一個名字是由父母所起的,中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可稱作given name,而姓在英文中是family name.

        7  Shanghai is one of the biggest___in our country.

      A  city   B  city's   C   citys    D   cities

      ?[答案]D.

      [析]復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變成i再加es。one of 加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

        8  Would you please pass me___?

      A two paper   B two papers

      C two pieces of paper  D two pieces of papers

      ?[答案]C.

      [析]paper是不可數(shù)名詞,如講一張、兩張紙時,要用量詞piece.

        9 September 10th is ___Day.

      A  Teacher  B Teachers  C Teacher's  D Teachers'

      ?[答案]D.

      10  I only have___ bread for lunch today.

      A   a bit   B  a bit of   C  little  D   few

      [答案]B.

      11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“I'd like two___.”

      A  glass of milk   B glasses of milk

      C glass of milks  D  glasses of milks

      ?[答案]B.

      12 There isn't ___ paper in the box. Will you go and get ___ for  me?

      A   any, some   B any, any   C some, some   D some, any

      ?[答案]A.

      [析]any用于否定句與疑問句,但如果要表達說話者真心實意希望得到肯定答復(fù)時,問句中要用some而不要按一般語法規(guī)律用any.  

      13 June 1st is___.

      A Children's day   B children's Day

      C Children's Day   D children's day?

      [答案]C.

      14 These foreign friends are___.

      A German   B   Germen    C   Germany    D Germans

      [答案]D.

      15 All the students are busy, so___ of them will go to the cinema.

      A    many   B   little    C a few   D few

      ?[答案]D.

      [析]student是可數(shù)名詞,而few用于可數(shù)名詞,意為:幾乎沒有學(xué)生去電影院。

        16 There are three___and seven___in the picture.

      A  deers,  sheeps   B deers, sheep

      C deer, sheep   Ddeer,  sheeps

      ?[答案]C.

      [析]deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。

      ?17 Whose room is this? It's___.

      A  my       B  Kike's and John's

      C  our      D  Kike and John's

      [答案]D.

      [析]因為room為單數(shù),所以不可能是Kike的一間與John的一間,應(yīng)為二者共用的一間房子。

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