由于英語國家的語言習(xí)慣與中國的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處，所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫，或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對(duì)英語的問句作解答。例如一個(gè)小女孩十分好看，可愛，外國人見到時(shí)會(huì)講： You are so beautiful? 這時(shí)的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you? 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯(cuò)，他們會(huì)講： Your English is very good? 這時(shí)中國人常常會(huì)說：不，我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語，但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you? 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講，但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國的生活習(xí)慣，了解他們的文化背景，歷史淵源，這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語。??
（二） 正誤辨析 ?
［誤］ - What can I do for you??
- Yes， please help me? ?
［正］ - What can I do for you??
- I'd like to buy a sweater? ?
［析］ What can I do for you? 這一問語實(shí)際上用于的情景很多，要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。?
［誤］ - Which colour do you like??
- Sorry， I don't like? ?
［正］ - Which colour do you like??
- I prefer blue? ?
［析］ 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it??
［誤］ Do you like to come with us tonight? ?
［正］ Would you like to come with us tonight? ?
［析］ Do you like … 問的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語表達(dá)法還有如下幾種：?
Shall we go? 我們走吧!?
Let's go? 讓我們走吧!?
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??
What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??
Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢??
其肯定答語一般為Certainly， Yes， O．Ｋ． All right， With pleasure??
［析］ The same to you 是表達(dá)我也祝您有個(gè)愉快的夜晚，它是美語中的習(xí)慣用法。?
［誤］ - What's the problem??
- I've got a headache? ?
［正］ What's wrong with you??
I've got a headache? ?
［析］ What's wrong with you? 是詢問對(duì)方身體狀態(tài)如何，而 What's the problem?是問對(duì)方遇到了什么麻煩。?
［誤］ - Now， I'm back? Can I play??
- Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?
［正］ - Now， I'm back? Can I play??
- I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?
［析］ Perhaps 是表示對(duì)一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論，如： Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有：?
I'm afraid that you are right??
其后直接加賓語從句。?
- Will you come to my birthday party??
- I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??
其后＋not，表示否定。?
- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog??
其后＋名詞，表示對(duì)某人，某物的害怕。?
Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??
其后＋ of ＋ 動(dòng)名詞，表示害怕做某事。?
Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??
其后＋ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。?
［誤］ - How soon will you be ready??
- Two days? ?
［正］ - How soon will you be ready??
- In two days? ?
［析］ 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，要注意的是對(duì)方問了什么，就應(yīng)答什么?；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問什么。 How soon問的是"還有多久才能作完"，這時(shí)要用 in two days， 即在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問，則答語可以用two days。?
［誤］ - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- I don't mind??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
［正］ - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- When exactly??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
［析］ 有的對(duì)話是復(fù)雜的，稍有不慎就有可能選錯(cuò)，而且英語中如選錯(cuò)了答案是不容易找出錯(cuò)來的。 I don't mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind…這一提問的，但如仔細(xì)看一看則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly? 什么時(shí)間，這樣才能與下句中具體的時(shí)間相符合。?
［誤］ Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" ?
［正］ Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" ?
［析］ 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，習(xí)慣用法實(shí)際上在某種情況，或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析，它們可能都是對(duì)的。比如，當(dāng)你拿起電話時(shí)，如果你想知道對(duì)方是誰，可以問"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要講"Who are you?"如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講"This is ×××× speaking"而不要講"I'm ××××"也不要講"My name is×××××．" 就語法而論，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××?""My name is ×××××?"并不錯(cuò)，也是英語中可用的句子，但就打電話這一場合，就不宜用了。?
［誤］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I don't hope so? ?
［正］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I hope not? ?
［析］ 由于初學(xué)者對(duì)實(shí)際英語口語中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語不熟悉，如在肯定答語中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的，但在否定句中卻常用 I don't think so? 但I(xiàn) don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 則意為：我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 則為：我想可能不會(huì)發(fā)生吧!?
［誤］ - Is anybody there??
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
［正］ - Is everybody there??
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
［析］ 許多學(xué)生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時(shí)總要語法在前，而不是習(xí)慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語中為：這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為：全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave??
［誤］ - Your handwriting is very good!?
- No， my handwriting is very poor? ?
［正］ - Your handwriting is very good!?
- Thank you? ?
［析］ 中國人遇到別人稱贊，總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎(jiǎng)你或贊美你時(shí)，就應(yīng)說： Thank you? 又比如中國人見面時(shí)常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認(rèn)為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時(shí)往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話，如： Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問候語，在日常生活中則十分少見。?
［誤］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me? I'll go first?" ?
［正］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me? I have to go?" ?
［析］ 這兩句答語都是正確的，其關(guān)鍵不是語法，而是習(xí)慣問題。如果在這樣的場合你講 I'll go first? 朋友們會(huì)迷惑不解，而 I have to go? 則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去，而你本人則十分不愿做此事。?
［誤］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to， and I'm too busy? ?
［正］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to， but I'm too busy? ?
［析］ I'm too busy? 與 I'd like to? 在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對(duì)詞義合乎邏輯的表達(dá)能力。所以要強(qiáng)調(diào)語言環(huán)境，更要強(qiáng)調(diào)在語言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語辨析。?
［誤］ - Where's Deter??
- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
［正］ - Where's Deter??
- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
［析］ 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來與不來是十分不確定的，所以應(yīng)用 may 來表達(dá)一個(gè)不肯定的事件。?
［誤］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Great? You look well too? ?
［正］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Thanks? You look well too? ?
［析］ 要注意的是 Great 在口語中多表示驚嘆，而 Thanks 則表示感謝對(duì)方的稱贊。?所以對(duì)情景談話要有準(zhǔn)確的判定，要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，上下對(duì)照，周密思考，弄清場合，注意英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，注重語義上的詞語辨析，并要進(jìn)行大量的語言實(shí)踐練習(xí)，擴(kuò)大實(shí)際交際能力。??
（三） 例題解析 ?
1? - Would you like to have some rice??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? Yes， I like B? Yes， please C? of course D? Yes， I have
C? Why did you come here? D? Have you got a cough?
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ What's your trouble? 多用于問對(duì)方有什么問題、麻煩或得了什么病。這種用語還有 What's wrong with you??
16? - Would you like to go shopping with me??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A? Yes， I'd love to． B? That's right．
C? Yes， please． D? Quite well．
?
［答案］ A.?
［析］ 表示愿意作某事應(yīng)講：I'd love to? I'd like to??
17? - What's the weather like today!?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A? It's nice for a walk． B? I like autumn best of all．?
C? It will be fine tomorrow． D? It's rather cold today．
?
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 本題要注意問的是什么，不要所問非所答。因問題是今天的天氣怎樣，所以只能選D
18? - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her??
- Sorry， she is out? You'd better ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? visit her in the office B? call her later ?
C? see her this afternoon D? speak to her yourself
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ call her later 晚些時(shí)候再來電話。?
19? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
- Very well， thank you， and you??
A? How do you do? B? Good morning? ?
C? How are you these days? D? How do you like English?
?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 本題是由答語來推斷問話，所以應(yīng)熟悉英語的問答習(xí)慣： How do you do? 的答語應(yīng)為 How do you do??
20? - How is your mother??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A? She is old． B? She is no better than she was． ?
C? She is kind?hearted． D? She is in her forties．
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ How is your mother? 問的是你媽身體如何，而B選項(xiàng)則是"她不比以前強(qiáng)"。而其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)則是所問非所答。?
21? - Thank you very much for your help??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? You're welcome B? Please don't
C? There's no trouble D? No， no
?
［答案］ A.?
22? Your uncle has taken you to the cinema? Afterwards you thank him?
He says " ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．"?
A? It was nothing B? I'm glad you enjoyed it ?
C? Don't say it D? No， needn't
?
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 這是英語的答語，千萬不要選A，因它是中文習(xí)慣的答語。?
23? - Thank you for your good present??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? It's not good B? No， no
C? My pleasure D? Never mind
?
［答案］ C.?
24? When someone did a good deed for you， you should say ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you
［答案］ B.?
25? - I am very sorry? I am late for dinner? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't
［答案］ B.?
［析］ That's all right? 沒關(guān)系。?
26? - I'm sorry if I hurt you??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? I'm sorry B? It's not true ?
C? It doesn't matter D? Don't say sorry
?
［答案］ C.?
27? - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? I'm sorry B? What a pity ?
C? It doesn't matter to me D? That's terrible
［答案］ B.?
［析］ What a pity. 真遺憾。第一句應(yīng)為我真該和你一起去展覽會(huì)。?
28? - Help yourself to some fish??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? You are very kind B? Yes， I'm helping myself ?
C? Thank you D? Yes， don't worry about me
［答案］ C.?
29? - Are you ready??-______ ．?
A? I'm very sorry B? Try to be patient ?
C? Not yet， wait a minute D? Do you have the time， please?
［答案］ C.?
［析］ not yet 意為還沒有完成。?
30? - Mum， I have passed the exam??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? That's all right B? Congratulations
C? You are luck D? Good luck to you
［答案］ B.?
31? - I think I have to leave? I hope we can get together again??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? All right B? That's all right
C? O?K? D? I hope so， too
［答案］ D.?
32? Must I wait till he comes back? ? ．?
A? No， you needn't B? No， you mustn't ?
C? No， you may not D? No， you can't
［答案］ A.?
［析］ must 提問表示必須這樣做嗎?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必須做，而否定句則要用 needn't 表示沒有必要做。?
33? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I pay you the house rent right away??
- Yes， you have to do it??
A? Shall B? Way C? Must D? Have
［答案］ C.?
34? - Don't you think this colour is too bright? ?
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A? Yes， I agree． B? Yes， but I don't think so． ?
C? Yes， of course not． D? Yes， what's wrong?
［答案］ A.?
35? - It was cold yesterday??
- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?
A? So was it B? So it was
C? I believe not so D? I believe not
［答案］ B.?
［析］ 當(dāng)答語只是重復(fù)對(duì)方講的話時(shí)，則不用倒裝。因 so it was即為：是的，天氣昨天很冷。而當(dāng)講前面講的動(dòng)作也適合于另一個(gè)人時(shí)，則要倒裝。如： I went to the cinema yesterday? So did I? 表示對(duì)方去了電影院，我也去了。?
