非謂語動詞重難點(diǎn),一篇全搞定,高中三年不用愁!
發(fā)布時間:2020-03-19 10:03:54瀏覽次數(shù):13954
非謂語動詞首先是一種動詞形式,其次是這種動詞形式不能做謂語,綜合這兩點(diǎn),我們將其叫做非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞包含四種形式,即不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。其中,每種形式按照發(fā)生時間和主被動又包括不同的子形式。具體如下:
①基本形式:to do(表示主動,并且一般表示將來)
②被動式:to be done(表示被動,并且一般表示將來)
③進(jìn)行式:to be doing (表示主動和進(jìn)行)
④完成時:to have done(表示主動和完成)
⑤完成被動式:to have been done(表示被動和完成)
⑥完成進(jìn)行式:to have been doing (表示主動和完成進(jìn)行)
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
The car to be bought is for his sister.
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
The thief is said to have escaped.
The thief is said to have been arrested.
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.
據(jù)說在過去的20年里,她一直在這家工廠工作。
③完成式:having done(表示主動和完成)
④完成被動式:having been done(表示被動和完成)
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.
Freddy和他的樂隊(duì)到哪里都被他們的粉絲跟著。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
①基本形式:doing (表示主動和進(jìn)行)
②被動式:being done(表示被動和進(jìn)行)
③完成式:having done(表示主動和完成)
④完成被動式:having been done(表示被動和完成)
He sat there,reading a newspaper.
The area being studied may be rich in coal.
Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV.
Having been told many times,she still can't remember it.
及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動或完成;不及物動詞的過去分詞表示主動或完成。
注意:非謂語動詞本身不能表示現(xiàn)在和過去。非謂語動詞表示進(jìn)行、將來和完成時是相對于謂語動作來說的:和謂語動作同時發(fā)生表示進(jìn)行;發(fā)生在謂語動作之后表示將來;發(fā)生在謂語動作之前表示完成。
非謂語動詞除去不能做謂語之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具體如下。
1. 不定式:做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主語)
It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主語,it做形式主語)
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作賓語)
His wish is to be a driver.(作表語)
I have nothing to say.(作定語)
The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
They went to see their aunt. (目的狀語)
2. 動名詞:做主語、賓語、表語、定語和補(bǔ)語。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主語)
I have got used to living in the country.(作介詞賓語)
我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。
His job is driving a bus.(作表語)
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
The story is interesting.
He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作狀語)
The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定語)
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作賓補(bǔ))
4. 過去分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
He is interested in the news.(作表語)
Given more time,I can do my work better.(做狀語)
I found my watch stolen.(做賓補(bǔ))
四. 非謂語動詞重、疑、難點(diǎn)。
1. 須用省去to 的不定式(do)作賓補(bǔ)的11個動詞。
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)
根據(jù)諧音記憶法,我們可以記做“吾看兩廳三室一感覺”。
I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
注意:以上11個動詞,也可以接現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),但在時間和語態(tài)上會有變化,我們以see為例來區(qū)分一下。
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.
我看到他打了電話。(他打電話的整個動作我都看見了)
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打電話。(強(qiáng)調(diào)看到他正在打電話,并沒有看見全過程.)
We often see him surrounded by much work.
2.只接不定式(不能接動名詞)作賓語的25個常用動詞
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3. 只接動名詞(不能接不定式)作賓語的28個常用動詞
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4. 既可接不定式也可接動名詞,但含義完全不同的8個動詞
remember to do sth. 記住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 記得做過某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遺憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做過某事(已做)
mean to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事
5. 所有非謂語動詞的完成形式都不能做定語,如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。
1. 判斷非謂語動作的邏輯主語,以此來確定它表示主動含義還是被動含義。
①非謂動詞做定語時,其邏輯主語是它所修飾的名詞或代詞。
③非謂語動作做賓補(bǔ)時,其邏輯主語是它前面的賓語。
2. 判斷非謂語動作與謂語動作的先后關(guān)系。
和謂語動作同時發(fā)生表示進(jìn)行,應(yīng)用以上提到的進(jìn)行式(to be doing和doing);發(fā)生在謂語動作之后表示將來,應(yīng)用(to do和to be done);發(fā)生在謂語動作之前表示完成,應(yīng)用(to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done)。
(1)_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.
【答案與解析】D “已經(jīng)花了所有的錢買車”做時間狀語,所以其邏輯主語應(yīng)是句子主語“我”。“我”與“花錢”之間應(yīng)該是主動關(guān)系,并且“花錢”發(fā)生在謂語動作“can’t afford a holiday”之前,所以非謂語動詞應(yīng)用主動和完成的含義,故選“D”。
(2)An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.
【答案與解析】B “設(shè)計(jì)”在這里是定語,修飾其前的“an exercise method”,所以其邏輯主語應(yīng)該是它的被修飾詞“an exercise method”,所以表被動。因?yàn)?ldquo;設(shè)計(jì)”這個動詞在這里本身已經(jīng)完成,所以應(yīng)用表示被動完成含義的designed。
(3)Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.
【答案與解析】A ”知道,了解“在這里做賓補(bǔ),所以其邏輯主語是其前的賓語”yourself“,”yourself“和”知道,了解“在這里是被動關(guān)系,所以選擇過去分詞”known“。